Seismic performance of externally stiffened ring connections between concrete-filled steel tubular columns and reinforced concrete beams
Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns are widely used in high-rise and long-span structures due to their high strength, stiffness, and ductility. However, conventional CFST column–reinforced concrete (RC) beam connections usually involve complex detailing, column capacity reduction, and inefficient construct...