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Hetero-Designer: Automated Design of Multi-Agent Systems with Heterogeneous LLMs
LLM-based Multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown strong capabilities across a wide range of domains. Their success largely hinges on the collaboration topology design, which has emerged as a central research focus in the automated MAS design. However, existing approaches are fundamentally constrained by their reliance on homogeneous LLMs, which significantly limits overall system intelligence. In response to this limitation, we for the first time propose the concept of Automated Design of Heterogeneous-LLMs-based MAS (ADHM) . ADHM sheds light on a promising avenue for advancing collective intelligence, which focuses on the automated design of cost-effective MAS composed of diverse LLMs and roles to suit various queries. Toward this challenging goal, we propose Hetero-Designer , a novel pipeline that efficiently encodes intricate dependencies among queries, LLMs and roles through a novel Binary-Star Transformer and constructs Hetero-MAS in an autoregressive graph generation process. Extensive experiments demonstrate that Hetero-Designer is:
Beyond Factual Knowledge: Benchmarking and Learning Step-Level Procedural Rule Reasoning in Large Language Models
Large language models (LLMs) excel at text understanding and generation, yet still struggle to reliably understand and apply externally provided procedural rules at scale. To evaluate this capability, we introduce RuleWorld, a large-scale benchmark that reformulates rules as globally reusable abstract units rather than instance-specific facts. In RuleWorld, several scenarios, including single-rule, parallel multi-rule, and multi-hop reasoning, are settled for comprehensive evaluation. We further propose DynaRule, an end-to-end framework that injects the given rules into the KV cache and turns retrieval into an internal, learnable, step-wise process. Specifically, DynaRule employs Stacked Step-Level Attention Training with a specialtoken to enable dynamic rule re-attention and updating during inference. In this way, the model can re-attend to the most relevant rules at each step, dynamically replacing outdated ones to support more stable multi-step reasoning. Experiments on RuleWorld show that existing LLMs face challenges under large rule pools, while DynaRule improves average QA accuracy by up to 19 points and achieves over 85% Recall@1 at 10K rules, outperforming strong baselines by large margins. We make our code and dataset available here: https://github.com/SharkSpicy-NLP/Beyond-Factual-Knowledge.
Quantization Degradation in Large Language Models: A Signal-Noise Perspective
This work systematically study weight-only post-training quantization across bit-widths, quantization methods, model scales and downstream tasks and establishes that quantization degradation is governed by how errors are introduced at the source and how they accumulate across the network.