Environmental Performance of Onshore Power Supply in Ports: Emission Reduction Potential, Energy-System Conditions, and Policy Challenges
Onshore Power Supply (OPS), or cold ironing, is one of the crucial technological solutions to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollution from ships’ auxiliary engines at berth and support the global greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets. However, the OPS expansion remains complex due to energy resource ma...