Dietary intake and health risk characterization of cadmium, lead, and mercury in milkfish (Chanos chanos) and tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) from aquaculture farms surrounding Manila Bay, Philippines.
Milkfish and tilapia are the two major finfish aquaculture species in the Philippines, supporting food security and livelihoods. However, farms surrounding Manila Bay are increasingly exposed to anthropogenic activities, raising concerns about heavy metal contamination. This study quantified cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), an...