Harnessing Acoustic Energy Against Orthopedic Biofilms: Ultrasound-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Implant-Associated and Bone Infections.
Orthopedic implant-associated and bone infections remain difficult to eradicate because microorganisms can establish biofilms on prosthetic surfaces, devitalized bone, and synovial aggregates. These communities impede antimicrobial penetration and host clearance, while metabolically altered and persister-like states fu...