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C. I. Gunawan

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Review Open access Jul 2026

Enhancing SME Competitiveness through E-Commerce Adoption: A Framework for Malang City

The findings reveal that e-commerce adoption is driven by internal factors such as managerial capability, digital capability, innovation capability, and entrepreneurial orientation, as well as external factors including competitive pressure, customer demand, government support, and the digital ecosystem.

C. I. Gunawan, Edoardus Koisin, Hendrik Suhendri et al. · 0 citations

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