Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris Reprograms the Gut-Liver Axis and Protects Against Liver Injury
This work integrates untargeted metabolomics, gnotobiotic mouse models, targeted bile acid profiling, and liver injury paradigms to systematically define LLC-mediated metabolic reprogramming, identifying LLC as a probiotic that reprograms the gut-liver metabolic axis to enhance metabolic resilience and hepatoprotection...