Colloidal gel morphology and phase behavior differs based on the electrostatic interaction model in concentrated electrolytes
Predicting how nanoparticles interact in concentrated electrolytes remains a central challenge in nanoscience, with implications spanning energy storage, catalysis, and soft materials design. While Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory provides a widely used framework for modeling colloidal interactions, its e...