Carolyn S. P. Lam

Efficacy of Vericiguat by Background Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy in the VICTOR Trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is uncertain whether the effect of vericiguat varies across levels of background guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS We conducted an exploratory analysis of VICTOR, which enrolled 6105 ambulatory patients with HFrEF without recent worsening. GDMT exposure was classified as basic adherence (on vs. off), indication-corrected adherence (accounting for eligibility and contraindications), and dose-corrected adherence (≥50% target dose). A GDMT intensity score was computed from class-specific dose levels. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular death or first HF hospitalization. Stratified Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated adjusted hazard ratios for vericiguat versus placebo within GDMT strata, with treatment-by-GDMT interaction test. RESULTS Baseline contemporary GDMT use was high (any ARNI/ACE/ARB 93.9%, ARNI 56%, SGLT2i 59%, MRA 78%, beta-blocker 94%). Basic adherence: adjusted HRs for the primary endpoint were similar whether or not patients were on ACEi/ARB, ARNI, any RAS inhibitor, beta-blocker, or SGLT2i. Dose-corrected adherence: adjusted HRs favored vericiguat in ARNI target-dose users (0.73; 0.57-0.93) and in any RAS target-dose users (0.77; 0.64-0.93), with lower risk on vericiguat in patients not meeting MRA target dose (0.67; 0.48-0.95); interaction P-values were nominally significant. The GDMT intensity score showed no significant interaction with treatment. Patterns for cardiovascular death and all-cause death paralleled the primary endpoint. CONCLUSIONS In ambulatory patients with HFrEF receiving contemporary GDMT, we did not find convincing evidence that the neutral effect of vericiguat on cardiovascular death or first HF hospitalization was modified by GDMT class, dose attainment, or overall intensity, in a cohort with very high background GDMT use and limited power for interaction testing. These exploratory, hypothesis-generating findings do not establish independent efficacy or pathway additivity for vericiguat and should not be used to guide clinical recommendations regarding GDMT sequencing.

HFpEF in Asia Distinct Phenotypes, Shared Mechanisms, and Emerging Insights

HFpEF in Asia: Distinct Phenotypes, Shared Mechanisms, and Emerging Insights.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous, comorbidity-driven syndrome of increasing global prevalence, with Asian patients displaying a distinctive and clinically relevant epidemiologic and biological profile. Compared with Western cohorts, Asian patients are often younger and less overtly obese based on body mass index. However, they carry substantial burdens related to diabetes, chronic kidney disease, anemia, and hypertension, resulting in adverse health outcomes that are disproportionate to chronological age. Asian HFpEF shows marked region-specific patterns: Northeast Asian cohorts exhibit an older, leaner, atrial fibrillation-related phenotype, whereas South and Southeast Asian cohorts exhibit earlier onset, greater metabolic-renal multimorbidity, and worse prognosis. Mechanistically, visceral adiposity, systemic inflammation, immunometabolic dysregulation, structural remodeling, and accelerated cardiac aging converge to drive HFpEF across Asian patients, often at lower body mass index thresholds than recognized in Western models. Current diagnostic frameworks require Asian-specific validation, and dedicated multiomics and phenotyping studies are essential to advance precision medicine for HFpEF globally.