Longitudinal Lead Exposure Impairs HDL-Associated Paraoxonase-1 Activities Independently of PON1 Polymorphisms: Evidence from a Three-Year Occupational Cohort.
Chronic lead (Pb) exposure is a recognized cardiovascular toxicant, however its long-term impact on HDL-associated antioxidant defenses and genetic susceptibility remains unclear. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1), an HDL-bound enzyme, limits lipid peroxidation and atherogenic modification. We conducted a 3-year longitudinal study...