Isolation, structural characterization, immunomodulatory and indirect tumoricidal activities of an inulin-type fructan from Platycodon grandiflorus via macrophage M1 polarization through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
In this study, a homogeneous polysaccharide, designated PGP-1, was successfully isolated and purified from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorus. Comprehensive structural characterization via methylation analysis, GC–MS, and NMR spectroscopy identified PGP-1 as an inulin-type fructan predominantly composed of →1)-β-D-Fr...