Mechanism of Ground Deformation Induced by Freeze-Sealing Pipe-Roof Method: Case Study of Gongbei Tunnel of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge
This study investigates the mechanism of ground deformation induced by the Freeze-Sealing Pipe-Roof (FSPR) method, with the Gongbei Tunnel of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge as a case study. Controlling ground deformation is crucial for tunnel construction safety. However, the complex mechanisms of ground deformati...