Zwitterion-Regulated Carbazole Phosphonic Acid Self-Assembled Monolayers via Proton Transfer and Electrostatic Interactions for 21% Organic Solar Cells.
The efficiency and stability of high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs) are increasingly determined by the interfacial quality of self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based hole-selective layers. Carbazole phosphonic-acid SAMs such as 2PACz are prone to aggregation in alcoholic precursor solutions because of phosphonic-a...