Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals the co-adaptive mechanisms between ruminal microbiota and host epithelium in water buffaloes under chronic heat stress.
Chronic heat stress is a major environmental challenge constraining water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) production, yet its mechanistic impacts on the ruminal ecosystem remain unclear. This study aims to systematically elucidate the coordinated changes in ruminal microbial structure and function, metabolome, and epithelial...