Glioblastoma stem cell–immune microenvironment crosstalk: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant primary brain malignancies, with limited improvement in long-term survival despite advances in multimodal therapy. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are central to tumour initiation, recurrence and therapeutic resistance, but their malignant pro...