Multiscale Spatial Associations Between the Built Environment and Urban Vitality: Evidence from Changchun, China
Urban vitality matters for urban regeneration, yet built-environment–vitality associations vary spatially and by variable. We examined 2621 regular 500 m grid cells across Changchun’s built-up area. PCA combined 2024 population, 2024 nighttime light, and 2018 mean building height into a composite Urban Vitality index....