Cong-Hua Xie

Metabolic immune checkpoints (MICs) in cancer: from molecular mechanisms to challenges and opportunities in clinical translation

Metabolic reprogramming is a core feature of tumor cells in adapting to microenvironmental stress and acquiring malignant phenotypes. It not only supports rapid proliferation but also mediates immune escape by reshaping the immune microenvironment. In recent years, the “metabolism-immune axis”, serving as a central hub...