Traveling-Wave-Based High-Speed Main Protection of Low-Frequency AC Submarine Cables with Analytical-Model-Based Offline Setting
Long-distance low-frequency alternating-current (LFAC) submarine cables exhibit pronounced high-frequency attenuation and dispersion, while background components generated by the modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C) complicate fault-wavefront extraction. This study proposes a single-ended traveling-wave primary pr...