Lysine-metal complexes modulate nutrient and gene responses in Pb-stressed maize (Zea mays L.).
Lys-metal complexes mitigate Pb toxicity by improving physiological and biochemical responses, reducing Pb uptake, and enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, and highlight the potential of Cu-Lys, Mg-Lys, and Ca-Lys as sustainable strategies to enhance Z. mays resilience in Pb-contaminated environments.