Vibration Analysis of 2D Porous Functionally Graded Beams With Inclined Cracks Under Thermo‐Hygro‐Mechanical Coupling
This work provides an in‐depth investigation into wave propagation in functionally graded material (FGM) beams subjected to coupled thermo‐hygro‐mechanical loading. The proposed model explicitly accounts for the presence of cracks, material porosity, axial pre‐stress, and combined temperature–moisture gradients, whic...