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D. Eke

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Review Open access Jul 2026

CRISPR-Cas9 in Human Health: A Scoping Review of Therapeutic Applications, Safety Challenges, and Ethical Frameworks

Background: CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized genome editing by providing an efficient, versatile, and comparatively accessible platform for targeted genetic modification. Its rapid progression from laboratory innovation to clinical application has generated substantial interest across multiple therapeutic domains, while simultaneously raising significant safety, ethical, and regulatory concerns. Objective: This scoping review aimed to comprehensively map current evidence regarding the therapeutic applications, safety challenges, and ethical frameworks associated with CRISPR-Cas9 in human health. Methods: A scoping review methodology guided by the Arksey and O’Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines was employed. Comprehensive searches were conducted across PubMed, Dimensions, and Embase for peer-reviewed English-language studies published between 2015 and 2026. Eligible studies focused on CRISPR-Cas9 applications in human health, including therapeutic interventions, safety evaluations, ethical analyses, and regulatory considerations. A total of 32 studies met the inclusion criteria and underwent thematic synthesis. Results: CRISPR-Cas9 demonstrated substantial therapeutic promise across hematologic disorders, metabolic diseases, ophthalmologic conditions, oncology, immunotherapy, and rare genetic disorders. The most clinically advanced applications were observed in sickle cell disease, β-thalassemia, hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis, and hereditary angioedema, where clinical trials showed durable and potentially curative outcomes. However, major barriers remain, including off-target effects, genomic instability, delivery inefficiencies, immunogenicity, and limited long-term safety data. Ethical and regulatory concerns were prominent, particularly regarding germline editing, health equity, global governance, and accessibility. Conclusion: CRISPR-Cas9 has demonstrated considerable clinical potential across a range of therapeutic applications, particularly for selected monogenic disorders in which the strongest clinical evidence is currently available. Although important advances have been achieved, broader clinical implementation will require continued improvements in editing precision, long-term safety evaluation, delivery technologies, ethical oversight, equitable access, and harmonized regulatory frameworks.  

M. D. Badru, Verity Ghansah, Ifeoluwa Oyinkansola Adesanya et al. · 0 citations
Review Open access Aug 2026

Generative AI-Induced Psychosis and Its Public Health Implications: A Scoping Review

The rapid advancement and widespread adoption of generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs) and conversational AI systems, have transformed digital mental healthcare by improving access to information, clinical decision support, and psychological assistance. However, increasing concerns have emerged regarding their potential to contribute to adverse psychiatric outcomes, including psychosis, particularly among vulnerable individuals. This scoping review mapped the current evidence on generative AI-induced psychosis and examined its implications for public health. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect identified 1,876 records, of which 21 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final synthesis. The evidence indicates that generative AI has considerable potential to enhance psychiatric assessment, clinical decision-making, emotional support, and access to mental health services. At the same time, emerging risks include the reinforcement of delusional beliefs, hallucination-like experiences, reality distortion, misinformation, emotional dependency, and the exacerbation of psychotic symptoms, particularly among individuals with pre-existing psychological vulnerabilities. Ethical concerns relating to privacy, algorithmic bias, digital inequality, and the absence of comprehensive regulatory frameworks were also consistently reported. Although the current evidence remains limited and largely exploratory, the findings underscore the need for responsible AI governance, robust clinical oversight, multidisciplinary collaboration, and longitudinal research to better understand and mitigate the long-term mental health consequences of generative AI.

Heidi Heather Henry Heimbruch, D. Eke, Lauren Henry et al. · 0 citations