Real-Time Optimization of a Sigmoid-Based Energy Management System for a Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle
In this paper, a real-time optimized sigmoid-based energy management system (EMS) is proposed for a fuel cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV). The power demand is dynamically shared among the fuel cell, a lithium-ion battery (LIB), and an ultracapacitor. The sigmoid function is employed to regulate the full cell operation, ens...