The Deep Learning Halo Definer: A Multimodal Framework for Halo Mass and Gas Fraction Inference on Galaxy Groups and Clusters
Accurately inferring dark matter halo properties like the total halo mass (M_{halo}) and gas fractions (f_{gas}) remains particularly challenging at group scales, where low member counts, shallow potential wells, and AGN feedback-driven baryon expulsion introduce significant observational scatter. As large-scale survey...