Dan Liu

Central neuroendocrine dysregulation in ischaemic stroke sequelae: pathophysiological mechanisms—a narrative review

Ischemic stroke (IS) prognosis is frequently compromised by secondary systemic and neuropsychiatric complications extending beyond the initial brain injury. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, the primary neuroendocrine regulator, plays a pivotal yet underappreciated role in the pathogenesis of these sequela...