ROLE OF DIETARY AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN GLYCEMIC CONTROL AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is an important worldwide public health problem of decreased insulin secretion and insulin resistance that result in chronic hyperglycemia. The number of people with type 2 diabetes has significantly increased over the past few years due to a variety of unhealthy habits in their daily life, including a lack of physical activity, obesity, stress and environmental influences. Knowledge and understanding of all the factors affecting glycaemic control is crucial for diabetes care.. Objective: The objective of this research was to assess the management of the blood sugar level of T2DM patients with respect to environmental and food influences in their residency of Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Methods: This research method used was descriptive cross sectional research. This was a systematic questionnaire data collection was conducted to achieve a hundred diabetes mellitus (Type 2) patients. The following data was collected: demographics, dietary fibre consumption, stress levels, levels of physical activity, and glycaemic control status. To determine the association between lifestyle factors and glycemic effects the data captured needed statistical analysis in the form of comparisons, frequency distributions and percentages. Results: The dietary and environmental variables were demonstrated to have a significant effect on diabetes care. Those with the highest score were those who ate more dietary fibre than those with the lowest score, suggesting that improving glycaemic control should be considered a public health goal. Being physically inactive had a negative association with the control of diabetes and having regular physical activity had a positive association with glycaemic outcomes. The level of stress was positively associated with glycaemic control, even though there were no significant differences between Gly Haemoglobin mean values of the highly stressed, moderately stressed and not stressed groups.The level of stress was closely associated with the Diabetes outcome, though the Gly Haemoglobin mean value for the highly stressed, moderately stressed and not stressed did not differ significantly. Furthermore, the study revealed that people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus could improve their glycaemic control when coupled with regular exercise and effective stress management, and good eating habits. Conclusion: Environmental and nutritional factors play an important role in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), the study suggests. A diet rich in fibre, regular exercise and reducing stress could help to improve glycaemic management and health outcomes. It is essential that programs aimed at managing diabetes emphasise the need of integrated lifestyle treatments. Healthcare providers, lawmakers, and public health workers may be able to use the results to inform the creation of more efficient plans to reduce the prevalence of diabetes.