Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Predator–Prey Models Incorporating Time Delay and Harvesting
A three-compartment predator-prey model (prey, middle predator, top predator) is developed by integrating spatial diffusion, discrete time delays (gestation and biomass conversion), and proportional harvesting on the two lower trophic levels. The objectives are to formulate the model, analyze local stability dynamics a...
Dede Alif Permana, Diny Zulkarnaen, Dian Nuraiman
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