Ion Modification of Hybrid Low-Salinity Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods for Improved Spontaneous Imbibition in Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs
Spontaneous imbibition (SI) is the key mechanism governing oil production in fractured carbonates, where capillary forces drive oil from the low-permeability matrix into the fractures. Its application is limited by the strongly oil-wet nature of carbonate rocks and by high interfacial tension (IFT), which restrict the...