Study of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Relation to HbA1c and Duration in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Background: Diabetes mellitus affects multiple organ systems, including the heart, kidneys, and peripheral nerves. Diabetic cardiomyopathy — myocardial dysfunction occurring independently of ischemic, valvular, or hypertensive heart disease — often manifests first as left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), prece...