A synthetic minority over-sampling–enhanced hybrid Indonesian bidirectional encoder representations from transformers–convolutional neural network model with cross-entropy optimization for imbalanced fake news detection in Indonesian online media
This study introduces a hybrid Indonesian Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers-Convolutional Neural Network (IndoBERT-CNN) model enhanced through cross-entropy optimization, Word2Vec-based embedding refinement, and systematic imbalanced data handling using several Synthetic Minority Over-sampling var...