From Resource Dependence to Sustainable Development: The Role of Institutions and Technology in Reducing CO2 Emissions in GCC Countries
Extending the stochastic STIRPAT framework, this study investigates the impacts of institutional quality, technological progress, and natural resource dependency on CO2 emissions across the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) from 1995 to 2021. Econometrically, the framework integrates a multi-estimator matrix comprising FM...