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Review Open access Oct 2026

THE BLACK BOX PROBLEM: WHO MAKES THE DECISIONS? IS IT NECESSARY TO KNOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PROCESSES?

As AI systems become embedded in customer service and public-facing platforms, individuals increasingly interact with automated agents without realizing it and may be affected by algorithmic decisions without understanding who or what made them. This paper analyzes the ethical and governance implications of unnoticed A...

E. Tosun · 0 citations

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