Open access
Jul 2026
BFL-Guard: A Blockchain-Enabled Federated Learning Framework with Zero-Knowledge Gradient Verification and Tokenized Incentives
BFL-Guard is presented, a novel blockchain-orchestrated federated learning framework integrating: (i) zk-SNARK-based zero-knowledge gradient proofs, (ii) an on-chain Byzantine-tolerant aggregation smart contract, and (iii) a tokenized incentive protocol (FedToken).
Kumaresan S, Thirumal L, E. V et al.
· International Journal of Lat... · 0 citations