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E. Zavyalova

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Open access Sep 2026

The role of PPP mechanisms in the development of infrastructure in the Turkish Republic

The article examines how public–private partnership (PPP) mechanisms support the modernization of Turkey’s infrastructure across transport, energy, and healthcare. By comparing the models used in practice (BOT, BOO, BLT, ToR), it shows how contractual design aligns with the asset life cycle, cost-recovery structure, an...

E. Zavyalova, E. Shamanina, A. El-Sayed · 0 citations

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