Author

Elias Lumer

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Preprint Aug 2026

The Bitter Lesson of Tool Calling

This work empirically compare programmatic tool calling to native JSON tool calling across 14 language models on BFCL v4 and demonstrates that programmatic tool calling is a viable and robust alternative to JSON tool calling, with performance tracking model capability across release generations.

Ishan Patel, Sahil Sen, Elias Lumer et al. · 0 citations