Precision Orthobiologics for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Matching Biology, Pathology, and Patient Phenotype—A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Future Directions in Regenerative Pain Medicine
Background and Objectives: Orthobiologic injectables—principally platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), cell-based therapies and, increasingly, extracellular vesicles—are widely used for chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain, yet their evidence base is inconsistent and guideline endorsement i...