Open access
Sep 2026
A Hybrid VMD–GWO–BiLSTM–Attention Framework for Accurate State-of-Health Prediction of Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Complex Degradation Dynamics
Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed VMD–GWO–BiLSTM–Attention framework achieves enhanced prediction accuracy compared to standard baseline temporal models (LSTM, GRU, and Transformer) across all evaluated degradation profiles.
Cheng-Lin Ding, Hui Liu, En-Ze Hu et al.
· Electronics · 0 citations