En-Ze Lei

Immunometabolic programming of macrophages and tumor-associated macrophages: metabolic pathways shaping polarization, immune regulation, and disease outcomes

Macrophages adapt to hanging tissue environments by rewiring cellular metabolism, and these metabolic programs actively instruct immune functions rather than merely supplying energy. Across health and disease, shifts in glycolysis, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, lipid handling, and amino acid utilization shap...