Preprint
Aug 2026
Sensitivity, Causality, and Repair Dissociate: A Layer-Wise Analysis of Perturbation Robustness and Its Scaling
When a language model fails on surface-perturbed input (typos, OCR noise, homophones),"which layer is responsible"has three natural operationalizations: where representations diverge most (sensitivity), where restoring clean activations recovers the prediction (causality), and where a small adapter can repair the damag...
Nathan Labiosa, David Buff, Ena Nayak et al.
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