An integrated perspective on the evolution of biological parts across DNA-, RNA-, and protein-level regulation is provided, connecting these advances with assembly frameworks, biofoundries, and machine learning to trace the trajectory from part-centric engineering toward predictive, system-level design in yeast synthet...
3-Hydroxybutyric acid (3-HB) is a bioactive ketone body involved in the regulation of intestinal inflammation and metabolic homeostasis. Although engineered bacterial probiotics have been developed for localized 3-HB delivery, their susceptibility to antibacterial antibiotics may limit their use during concurrent antib...