Open access
Sep 2026
Smoking-Associated Enrichment of CXCL13+ Tfh Cells and VCAM1+ Fibroblasts Is Linked to Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Formation in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Smoking-associated enrichment of CXCL13⁺CD4⁺ Tfh cells was associated with B-cell accumulation and TLS formation in LUAD, and these findings identify the CXCL13⁺ Tfh-B-cell axis, together with VCAM1⁺ fibroblast-rich stromal niches, as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in LUAD.
Y. Choi, Chi Young Kim, Eun Young Kim et al.
· Journal of Cancer · 0 citations