What is the upper-bound circularity performance of wind turbine blade recycling? A comparative assessment of mechanical, thermal, and chemical routes under current and optimised conditions.
The rapid deployment of wind energy is creating an end-of-life challenge for wind turbine blades (WTBs), whose large size and composite structure constrain recycling and material recovery. Existing studies compare WTB recycling technologies but rarely estimate upper-bound circularity performance under explicit technolo...