F. Baratto-Filho

Limitations of off-the-shelf multimodal foundation models in secondary caries detection on interproximal radiographs.

To evaluate whether off-the-shelf general-purpose multimodal foundation models can achieve clinically meaningful diagnostic performance in detecting secondary caries on interproximal radiographs without domain-specific training, using GPT-5o (OpenAI) and Gemini 2.5 Flash (Google Inc.) as representative publicly accessi...