INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE
Atherosclerosis is traditionally defined as a lipid-driven inflammatory disease of medium and large arteries, but vascular inflammation also interacts with immune, autonomic, metabolic, and brain vascular pathways. This narrative review synthesizes evidence supporting an artery-immune-brain frame...
INTRODUCTION
Statins are well established for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) up to approximately 75 years of age; however, direct evidence in adults aged 80 years and older remains limited. Extrapolation from younger populations is uncertain because advanced age is associated with greater compet...
Lp(a) should be considered a cardiovascular risk enhancer and a plausible causal contributor to calcific aortic valve disease, especially during earlier lipid-inflammatory and microcalcific phases.
The AI Hospital Formulary is proposed as a complementary institutional layer that converts external standards and existing governance approaches into documented portfolio decisions at the hospital level as an operational, proportional, and accountable framework for the safe, equitable, and sustainable adoption of hospi...
F. Epelde· Hospitals· 0 citations
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