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F. Surjaman

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Open access Sep 2026

Fuel Alone Cannot Define Economic Speed: A Parametric Model of Hull Fouling and Engine Ageing in Indonesian Coastal Cargo Operations

Fuel represents the dominant variable cost in ship operation, and the selection of sailing speed is the principal lever available to an operator seeking to control it. This study develops a transparent parametric model of fuel consumption and economic speed for a representative Indonesian coastal general cargo vessel,...

F. Surjaman, P. M. Lopulalan, Hendi Prasetyo · 0 citations

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