Toward predictable hydrochar properties at scale: a critical review of design of experiments-guided machine learning in hydrothermal carbonization
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)has emerged as a versatile platform for converting wet biomass into functional carbonaceous solids whose properties can be tuned across energy- and material-relevant applications. Under subcritical aqueous conditions, HTC proceeds through coupled dehydration, decarboxylation, polymerizat...