Development of a Nomogram‐Based Clinical Estimation Model for Pathological Upstaging in Patients With Preoperative Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
ABSTRACT Preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) may be followed by pathological upstaging to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) upon surgical excision, a discrepancy that significantly impacts surgical planning and decisions regarding sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). This retrospective study aimed to...