Fang-Xu Liu

Comparative quality, readability, and factual reliability of four publicly accessible chatbot systems for heart failure patient education: a cross-sectional evaluation

Background Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for health information delivery, but comparative evidence on their quality, readability, and factual reliability in heart failure (HF) education remains limited. Objective To compare four publicly accessible chatbot systems under prespecified access and retr...