Thiamphenicol decouples acidogenesis from methanogenesis and redirects carbon flux toward volatile fatty acids in sludge anaerobic digestion.
Antibiotic residues in waste activated sludge (WAS) may disrupt anaerobic carbon conversion, yet how phenicol antibiotics redistribute carbon between acidogenesis and methanogenesis remains unclear. At 10 mg/g TSS, methane production decreased by 63.2% while VFAs reached 131-fold the control. This functional decoupling...