Comparative Performance of GPT-5.1, Claude Sonnet 4.5, Gemini 2.0 Flash, and DeepSeek-R1 on Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Questions From the Turkish Dental Specialisation Examination
Introduction: Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) have increased interest in their use in dental education and assessment. This study evaluated the accuracy of GPT-5.1, Claude Sonnet 4.5, Gemini 2.0 Flash, and DeepSeek-R1 on Turkish Dental Specialisation Exam (DUS) questions...