Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Optimization and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics in Abdominal Sepsis: Current Evidence, Challenges, and Clinical Perspectives—A Narrative Review
Background: Abdominal sepsis is associated with profound pharmacokinetic (PK) alterations that make standard beta-lactam dosing regimens potentially inadequate in critically ill patients. Increased volume of distribution, hypoalbuminemia, augmented renal clearance (ARC), acute kidney injury (AKI) and the PK complexity...